{"id":15000,"date":"2023-06-27T20:14:34","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T20:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpatacabamcdev.wpengine.com\/?page_id=15000"},"modified":"2024-06-04T18:52:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T18:52:31","slug":"rule-1-5-competence-and-staying-abreast-of-developments-in-the-law-relating-to-privilege-boehringer-ingelheim-canada-ltd-v-pharmascience-inc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cpata-cabamc.ca\/en\/your-practice\/professional-conduct\/ethical-analyses-and-guidance-old\/rule-1-5-competence-and-staying-abreast-of-developments-in-the-law-relating-to-privilege-boehringer-ingelheim-canada-ltd-v-pharmascience-inc\/","title":{"rendered":"Rule 1-5 \u2013 Competence and staying abreast of developments in the law relating to Privilege &#8211; Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15000\" class=\"elementor elementor-15000\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee97488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee97488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75f71d4\" data-id=\"75f71d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05ddc34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05ddc34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An April 21, 2023 decision of the Federal Court in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2023\/2023fc584\/2023fc584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc. <\/em><\/a>explored the meaning and applicability of patent agent privilege.<\/p><p>Licensees have an ethical obligation to stay abreast of developments in the law that relate to their practice outlined in Rule 1-5 of the Code of Professional Conduct (the \u201cCode\u201d). Rule 1-5 also expressly provides that licensees must keep abreast of developments in the law that relate to patent agent privilege and trademark agent privilege. The following analysis outlines some of the takeaways from this court decision.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e596e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e596e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Scenario<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4282c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4282c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2023\/2023fc584\/2023fc584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc<\/a>. <\/em>the Plaintiffs, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. et al, redacted information before disclosing documents to the Defendant, Pharmascience Inc. Some of the redactions were made on the basis of patent agent privilege. In this decision, the Court made determinations with respect to the applicability of patent agent privilege.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b51499 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b51499\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Rules<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eef4248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eef4248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Part 1 of the Code of Professional Conduct (The \u201cCode\u201d), the rules with respect to competence are set out. Rule 1-5 states<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85c8af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85c8af4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">An agent must keep abreast of developments in the branches of law relating to the agent\u2019s practice by engaging in study and education. In addition, an agent must keep abreast of developments in the law relating to patent agent privilege and trademark agent privilege.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-684f676 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"684f676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In addition to that express provision, Rule 1-2 provides that \u201can agent fails to meet standards of professional competence if (a) there are deficiencies in (i) their knowledge, skill or judgment\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2431379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2431379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CPATA\u2019s Guidance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a37442 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a37442\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2023\/2023fc584\/2023fc584.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc<\/a>. <\/em>\u00a0was decided by Associate Judge Trent Horne \u2013 the same judge who made the decision with respect to patent agent privilege in <em>Janssen Inc v Sandoz Canada Inc<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2021\/2021fc1265\/2021fc1265.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 FC 1265<\/a>. For a previous look at Janssen, please see CPATA\u2019s short summary <a href=\"https:\/\/cpata-cabamc.ca\/patent-agent-privilege-federal-court-decision\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a> and previous ethical analysis <a href=\"https:\/\/cpata-cabamc.ca\/en\/your-practice\/professional-conduct\/ethical-analyses-and-guidance-old\/rule-1-5-competence-and-staying-abreast-of-developments-in-the-law-relating-to-privilege-the-janssen-debate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p><p>The interpretation of both decisions may vary among those who read it, but the court in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2023\/2023fc584\/2023fc584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc<\/a>. <\/em>stated:<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1809c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1809c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u201cThe text of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html#sec16.1subsec1_smooth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subsection 16.1(1)<\/a>(c) of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Patent Act <\/em><\/a>attaches privilege to any matter relating to the protection of an invention. It is not limited to circumstances where an application has been filed, or is pending\u201d (paragraph 50).<\/li><li>\u201cI cannot accept Pharmascience\u2019s submission that the filing of a patent application, or clear instructions to a patent professional to draft one, is a necessary precondition [to patent agent privilege applying]\u201d (paragraph 52).<\/li><li>\u201cI have particular difficulty with Pharmascience\u2019s submission that where a patent application is rejected by CIPO, or is voluntarily withdrawn by the applicant,\u00a0patent agent\u00a0privilege would not apply. I do not agree with Pharmascience that there cannot be an\u00a0\u201cinvention\u201d\u00a0unless and until CIPO issues a patent. The text of section 16.1 does not support an interpretation that privilege can be gained or lost depending on the existence or status of a patent application, or that an\u00a0\u201cinvention\u201d\u00a0only exists for the purposes of that section if a patent application has been clearly instructed, is pending, or a patent has issued. I reach the same conclusion when considering section 16.1 in the context of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Patent Act<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Invention<\/a>\u201d\u00a0is defined in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html#sec2_smooth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">section 2 <\/a>to mean\u00a0\u201cany new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter\u201d. Patent means\u00a0\u201cletters patent for an invention\u201d. Had the legislature intended to restrict\u00a0patent agent\u00a0privilege to only live applications or issued patents, it would have expressly said so\u201d (paragraphs 54-55).<\/li><li>\u201cLimiting\u00a0patent agent\u00a0privilege to only apply in circumstances where a client instructs a\u00a0patent agent\u00a0to file and maintain an application could be a disincentive to retain an agent. There would be uncertainty as to if and for how long any privilege would apply. A cautious client may be inclined to avoid the uncertainty, and maintain an invention as a trade secret. This would be contrary to the central objectives of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/laws\/stat\/rsc-1985-c-p-4\/latest\/rsc-1985-c-p-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Patent Act<\/em><\/a> described above\u201d (paragraph 57). Note that the two central objectives identified in the above paragraph were: \u201cto \u201cadvance research and development and to encourage broader economic activity\u201d\u00a0(paragraph 56).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dec1ec1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dec1ec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The court in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/fct\/doc\/2023\/2023fc584\/2023fc584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v Pharmascience Inc<\/a>.<\/em> clarified that agent-client privilege is not dependent on the filing of an application, nor is it dependent on whether an application is ultimately successful with CIPO.<\/p><p>Licensees should be aware that in order to meet the standards of competence expected under the Code, they are expected to keep their knowledge current by engaging in study and education. Licensees should have a plan for how they intend to stay abreast of developments in the law, which may include various forms of continuing professional development, conference attendance, lunch and learns, online courses, seminars or webinars, participating in practice groups, writing or reading blogs, reading materials put out by CPATA and IPIC. Licensees may also wish to access public resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CanLII<\/a>, which provides a searchable database of decisions made by the Federal Court, CIPO and other decision makers in Canada.<\/p><p>Licensees should be mindful of the expectation that they will stay current on both developments in case law relating to their practice, and the law as it relates to patent agent privilege and trademark agent privilege specifically.<\/p><p>Ultimately each licensee has to decide what the correct course of action is that will protect client interests and adhere to their professional obligations. Every circumstance is unique and it is up to the licensee to exercise their own professional judgement.<\/p><p>We invite you to contact us with your ethics questions <a href=\"https:\/\/cpata-cabamc.ca\/your-practice\/professional-conduct\/ethics-inquiries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online<\/a>. Through the Ethics Inquiry process, CPATA\u2019s professional conduct experts are available to help interpret the Code as part of the process of risk-assessment and ethical analysis.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An April 21, 2023 decision of the Federal Court in Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. v<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":6974,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-15000","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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